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Conjunctivitis:
Etiology:
Infectious
 | Viral |
1)Adenovirus - 85% of viral
conjunctivitis, Highly contagious
2)Herpes
| Bacterial |
Only 15% of conjunctivitis is
bacterial
| Chlamydia trachomatis |
Leading cause of preventable
blindness worldwide
Inclusion conjunctivitis of
newborn due to exposure during vaginal delivery
Non-Infectious (Allergic)
| Individuals with seasonal, environmental or chemical
sensitivities |
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
| Idiopathic, trauma, valsalva, blood dyscrasias |
Signs & Symptoms:
Viral vs. Bacterial
| Difficult to differentiate ? Palpable preauricular
lymph node in viral |
| Mildly symptomatic - URI/sore throat/itching |
| Unilateral or bilateral injected sclera, watery or
purulent discharge |
Non-infectious
| Itchy/burning/watery discharge, associated allergic rhinitis symptoms |
| Conjunctival injection with swelling |
Pterygium
| Usually painless |
| Triangular, yellowish, fleshy conjunctival lesion |
 Subconjunctival
Hemorrhage [see picture below]
| No pain, normal vision |
Treatment:
Viral
| Supportive measures (cold compresses, lubricating
drops) |
Bacterial
| Broad-spectrum topical antibiotics e.g. |
| Gentamycin eye drops 0.3%, 2 gtt |
| Ciprofloxacin eye drops 0.3%, 1-2 gtt q2-4 hrs x 2d,
then QID x 5d |
| No resolution beyond 10d --> opthalmologic
referral |
Allergic
| Avoidance of offending allergens |
| Can use artificial tears, topical vasoconstrictor,
topical antihistamines for symptomatic relief |
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
| No treatment is usually required as hemorrhage
spontaneously clears in 2-3 weeks |
Continue to: Scleritis/Episcleritis
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